Teori Etika

1. Pengertian Etika
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari etika sangat penting dalam berkomunikasi karena menyangkut perasaan dan harga diri seseorang. Oleh karena itu kita diharapkan dapat memahami makna etika itu sendiri.
Etika berasal dari kata Yunani ethos, yang berarti “adat istiadat” atau “kebiasaan”. Dalam pengertian ini etika berkaitan dengan kebiasaan hidup yang baik, baik pada diri seseorang maupun pada suatu masyarakat atau kelompok masyarakat. Ini berarti etika berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai, tata cara hidup yang baik, aturan hidup yang baik, dan segala kebiasaan yang dianut dan diwariskan dari satu orang ke orang yang lain.

2. Tiga Norma Umum
a. Norma Sopan Santun, yaitu norma yang mengatur pola perilaku dan sikap lahiriah manusia, misalnya cara berpakaian atau duduk
b. Norma Hukum, yaitu norma yang dituntut keberlakuannya secara tegas oleh masyarakat karena dianggap perlu dan niscaya demi keselamatan dan kesejahteraan manusia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.
c. Norma Moral, yaitu aturan mengenai sikap dan perilaku manusia sebagai manusia. Morma ini menyangkut aturan tentang baik buruknya, adil tidaknya tindakan dan perilaku manusia sejauh ia dilihat sebagai manusia.

3. Dua Teori Etika
a. Etika Deontologi
Yaitu Menekankan kewajiban manusia untuk bertindak secara baik.
Tiga prinsip yang harus dipenuhi:
- Supaya suatu tindakan punya nilai moral, tindakan itu harus dijalankan berdasarkan kewajiban.
- Nilai moral dari tindakan itu tidak tergantung pada tercapainya tujuan dari tindakan itu melainkan tergantung pada kemauan baik yang mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan tindakan itu-berarti kalaupun tujuannya tidak tercapai, tindakan itu sudah di nilai baik.
- Sebagai konsekuensi dari kedua prinsip itu, kewajiban adalah hal yang niscaya dari tindakan yang dilakukan berdasarkan sikap hormat pada hokum moral universal.
b. Etika Teleologi
Yaitu mengukur baik buruknya suatu tindakan berdasarkan tujuan yang mau dicapai dengan tindakan itu, atau berdasarkan akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh tindakan itu. Misalnya, mencuri bagi etika teleologi tidak dinilai baik atau buruk berdasarkan baik buruknya tindakan itu sendiri, melainkan oleh tujuan dan akibat dari tindakan itu.
Sumber : DR. A. Sonny Keraf. 2006. Etika Bisnis. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.

Exercise TOEFL 2

1. "Do you go out _____ on weekends?"
"Yes, we sometimes go out."
a. every often
b. in a time
c. once upon a time
d. once in a while*

2. The Smiths will move to New York. But we hope to _____ with them.
a. keep touch
b. keep at touch
c. keep on touch
d. keep in touch*

3. Ann is very temperamental. How do you _____ her?
a. put up with*
b. put with
c. put up to
d. putting up with

4. "We should buy a new microwave."
"But our old one will do for _____."
a. a time being
b. the time being*
c. a being time
d. the being time

5. "Do you have any idea how you will achieve that objective?"
"Yes, I have it all _____."
a. figures
b. figured for
c. figured in
d. figured out*

6. My parents often _____ after dinner.
a. go for a walk*
b. walking
c. go a walk
d. go to walking

7. "Where _____ is the best place to park a car around here?"
"I'm sorry. I don't know."
a. are you suppose
b. do you suppose*
c. supposedly
d. you suppose
8. Every child has to _____ and respect other cultures.
a. acquaint with
b. be acquainted with*
c. get acquaint with
d. getting acquainted with

9. "Are you _____ in trying out the new diner?"
"Yes, we are."
a. cared
b. attended
c. concerned
d. interested*

10. It will be hard to say goodbye to Bill and Anne. We are _____ at the aiport.
a. see them off
b. see off them
c. seeing them off*
d. seeing off them

11. "When did you get the bike?"
"My father gave _____."
a. to me the bike last week
b. me the bike last night*
c. to me the bike last night
d. last night the bike to me

12. When John got home from work, _____.
a. she made a cup of coffee*
b. she was making a cup of coffee
c. she makes a cup of coffee
d. she has made a cup of coffee

13. Anne believes she is the _____ young lady in the world.
a. prettiest*
b. most pretty
c. most prettier
d. most prettiest

14. He managed _____ his way through the maze.
a. to find*
b. to find out
c. to found
d. to found out


15. Can you please _____ your feet from the coffee table?
a. move
b. move off
c. remove*
d. remove off

16. I wasn't _____ with my exam result.
a. please
b. pleased*
c. pleasing
d. pleasant

17. "When did Tom and Wendy arrive?"
"They arrived here an hour _____ you did."
a. ago
b. before*
c. since
d. since before

18. After _____ his homework, Tom went out to play with his friends.
a. finish
b. to finish
c. finishing*
d. the finish of

19. _____ go on holiday to California or Florida?
a. Do you rather
b. Will you rather
c. Would you rather*
d. Won't you rather

20. "Who was the woman I saw you laughing with yesterday?"
"She was _____."
a. the woman next door*
b. the next door woman
c. the woman next to the door
d. the woman next by the door

21. Such news is always _____ to be true.
a. good
b. very good
c. so good
d. too good*


22. Is it important that everyone _____ his/her bit for the team?
a. do*
b. does
c. did
d. must do

23. This is the place _____ the body was found.
a. that
b. which
c. where*
d. there

24. You should buy a computer. _____ you would be able to send emails.
a. So
b. Then*
c. Well
d. Therefore

25. David seems to be _____.
a. in hurry
b. in a hurry*
c. on a hurry
d. hurrying

Exercise TOEFL

1. It is very rude to point _____ someone in many cultures.
a. at*
b. to
c. into
d. off

2. Was my child polite _____ you?
a. at
b. from
c. to*
d. with

3. If our plans are carried _____ now, we will solve that issue.
a. out*
b. up
c. upon
d. through

4. The neighbours didn't go on vacation, _____?
a. didn't they
b. did it
c. did they*
d. didn't it

5. It _____ the day before yesterday.
a. snowed*
b. was snow
c. has snowed
d. was snowed

6. Have you ever _____ on a horse? It is a wonderful experience.
a. rode
b. rid
c. to ride
d. ridden*

7. He is learning Chinese _____ Mr. Chan.
a. through
b. by
c. to
d. from*

8. Students are supposed to sit attentively _____ their desks.
a. at*
b. beside
c. to
d. beneath

9. "Where is the library?"
"It's _____ your right."
a. in
b. on*
c. at
d. by

10. Tom is very temperamental, and he _____.
a. always gets angry*
b. gets always angry
c. always angry gets
d. angry always gets

11. "How many products did you sell?"
"_____ than we had expected."
a. Less
b. Lesser
c. Few
d. Fewer*

12. It's not an easy task. However, please have him _____ it.
a. do*
b. to do
c. doing
d. have to do

13. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advertised in the Sunday newspaper.
a. for*
b. to
c. with
d. in

14. It's often difficult for a young child _____ clothes.
a. wearing
b. to wear
c. putting on
d. to put on*

15. This knife is quite sharp. We use it _____.
a. for to cut the bread
b. to cut with the bread
c. cutting with the bread
d. to cut the bread*

16. I could have done it for you if you _____.
a. ask to me to
b. asked me to
c. had asked me
d. had asked me to*

17. Joe _____.
a. likes football best*
b. likes best football
c. best likes football

18. My sister went _____ yesterday.
a. to shopping
b. shopping*
c. to shop
d. shopped

19. John is _____ soccer magazines.
a. interested
b. interesting
c. interested in*
d. interest in

20. I liked the job better than Bob _____.
a. did*
b. do
c. has done
d. done

21. _____ my CDs are indie rock.
a. Almost
b. Almost all*
c. Most
d. Most of all

22. _____ are you speaking? I didn't catch the name.
a. Who
b. Whom
c. Of who
d. Of whom*

23. _____ will be invited to join us for lunch on Saturday.
a. Whoever will come
b. Whoever come
c. Whoever comes*
d. Whoever would come

24. _____ I hate getting up at six, I have to.
a. Much as*
b. As much
c. So much as
d. So much

25. I'll give you another hour _____.
a. making your mind up
b. making up your mind
c. make up your mind
d. to make up your mind*

Nb: * My answer

Exercise Grammar (Present Perfect Continuous)

1. I'm very hungry. I_________ all day.
a) didn't eat
b) haven't ate
c) haven’t eaten*
d) have been eating

2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They _____ completely _____ it.
a) have _____ beenredecorating
b) have _____ redecorated*
c) already _____ redecorated
d) didn't _____ redecorated

3. Our kitchen’s a mess. We____________ any cleaning for weeks.
a) didn't do
b) haven't been doing
c) have done
d) haven't done*

4. I think they are dating. They____________ a lot of each other recently.
a) had seen
b) haven't been seeing
c) have been seeing*
d) have seen

5. We've discovered this great café and we_____________ there a lot.
a) have been going*
b) have gone
c) are going
d) have went

6. How's your Mum? I _____________ her for ages.
a) had seen
b) haven't seen*
c) haven't been seeing
d) didn't see

7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________?
a) have _____ done
b) were _____ doing
c) did _____ do
d) have _____ been doing*

8. She’s gone to the doctor's. She ______________ too well lately.
a) hasn't felt
b) hasn't been feeling*
c) has felt
d) doesn't feel

9. Where have you been? I____________ for ages.
a) have waited
b) waited
c) was waiting
d) have been waiting*

10. I have to write an essay. I__________ about half of it so far.
a) have written*
b) have been writing
c) wrote
d) have to write

Nb: * my answer

Jawaban Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1

1. D 31. D
2. D 32. B
3. A 33. A
4. D 34. B
5. B 35. D
6. D 36. D
7. A 37. B
8. C 38. C
9. B 39. A
10. A 40. C
11. on inspection 41. B
12. original 42. D
13. emphasize 43. B
14. particular 44. A
15. be grateful 45. C
16. could 46. A
17. replacement 47. B
18. D 48. C
19. C 49. C
20. C 50. D
21. A 51. C
22. D 52. A
23. C 53. B
24. D 54. A
25. C 55. C
26. B 56. A
27. B 57. C
28. B 58. B
29. B 59. C
30. C 60. A

Sertifikat

Sertifikat